Definition
Where a second factor is a simple approve-or-deny push, an attacker who already holds a valid password can request approval repeatedly until the user accepts, through confusion, irritation or the assumption that something is malfunctioning.
Why this is a design property, not a bug
Nothing is technically broken. The factor is enrolled, the prompt is delivered, and the user approves. The weakness is that a binary prompt carries no context about what is being approved, and repetition converts a security decision into an annoyance to be dismissed.
What reduces the exposure
- Number matching or other context binding in the prompt
- Throttling and lockout on repeated denied requests
- Phishing-resistant factors for privileged identities
- Conditional access on device, location or risk signals
- Alerting on abnormal prompt volume
- Credential
- Repeated MFA Prompt
- User Approval
- Identity
- SaaS Data
Each hop validated by successful exploitation
Tags
- mfa
- identity
- account takeover